The Cultural and Historical Foundations of Modern Intelligence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63939/ajts.z8aqpf35Keywords:
Arabic language, English language, French language, Intelligence, Linguistic DictionarieAbstract
Intelligence is one of the concepts that has preoccupied human thought, as it is associated with humanity's attempts to understand the mental capacities that distinguish them from other creatures and their use in coexisting with their environment. This study aimed to shed light on the various definitions assigned to intelligence in modern linguistic dictionaries. As language is a mirror that reflects the culture of peoples, the researcher sought to explore the history of the term's emergence and its synonyms in the Arabic language, Islamic history, and the English and French as Latin languages.
To achieve the study's objective, the researcher collected the necessary data from various sources such as dictionaries, books, scientific research, and the internet, and then analyzed it.
The study reached a set of key findings, including:
Based on the definitions found in the three linguistic dictionaries, we can infer the essential elements of intelligence as follows:
- Through the dictionaries in the three languages covered by the study, the term 'intelligence' includes understanding, knowledge, thinking, adaptation, perception, deduction, analysis, discrimination, and synthesis. It also takes previous experiences into account, examines the relationships between facts, considers time as a fundamental factor, and requires the storage of new experiences for use in subsequent ones. The researcher, therefore, formulated a definition for it.
• It is a term deeply rooted in history. The Holy Quran mentioned it with numerous synonyms, while implicitly, it was embodied in the practices of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his companions (may God be pleased with them). The means for its embodiment, namely mathematics and statistics, were also mentioned in the Quran. The Romans also used it from prehistoric times.
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