Translation in the Service of the Greatest Sporting Event: A Proposal for Managing Multilingualism at the 2034 FIFA World Cup

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63939/ajts.745rep84

Keywords:

FIFA World Cup 2034, Language Planning, Multilingualism, Sports Translation, Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

This study develops a strategic proposal for managing multilingualism at the 2034 FIFA World Cup in Saudi Arabia. It uses a qualitative documentary and comparative policy-analysis design, drawing on official FIFA and Saudi documents, international standards, peer-reviewed scholarship, and selected professional sources. Brazil 2014, Russia 2018, and Qatar 2022 serve as comparative cases; sources were screened for relevance, traceability, and evidential strength, with official and scholarly evidence prioritized. The analysis identifies five planning domains: written translation, interpreting, community interpreting, multilingual sports commentary, and audiovisual translation and accessibility. It then proposes a human-AI hybrid model with three sensitivity levels, a four-tier language-priority framework, an institutional structure, a phased 2026-2034 implementation plan, and measurable quality and risk indicators. The proposal is not an empirically validated arrangement; it is a planning framework that requires field testing with organizers, language professionals, volunteers, and users.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Hussein Abu Riyash, Kent State University, Ohio, United States

    Hussein Abu Riyash is an academic researcher specializing in translation studies. He was affiliated with the Department of Modern and Classical Languages at Kent State University in the United States, where he pursued graduate studies in translation and served as an Arabic teaching assistant. His research interests focus on audiovisual translation, film translation and subtitling, machine translation, applications of generative artificial intelligence in translation, and the cognitive processes involved in the production and reception of translated texts, alongside corpus linguistics, discourse analysis, and intercultural communication. He has published several research articles in international academic journals, examining viewers’ processing of translations, cognitive effort in machine translation post-editing, audiovisual translation quality, and emerging technologies in interpreting. He has also worked on developing digital tools to support translation and language teaching and has received academic recognition for innovation in university teaching.

  • Meshari Alharbi, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar al-Batin, Saudi Arabia

    Meshari Alharbi is an academic and lecturer at the University of Hafr Al Batin in Saudi Arabia, specializing in written translation, interpreting, and technical translation. He holds a master’s degree in Translation and Interpreting Studies from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in the United States (2021) and a bachelor’s degree in English Language and Translation from Qassim University (2015). He has academic and professional experience in teaching scientific and technical translation, academic writing, creative translation, and English linguistics. His expertise also includes technical translation, the localization of digital applications, and the use of computer-assisted translation tools, terminology management systems, and language corpora. He has contributed to the development of university programmes and courses, academic quality assurance activities, and voluntary and professional translation projects. His practical interests include using digital technologies to improve translation quality and enhance communication between Arabic and English.

References

Al-Rumaih, L. A. (2021). The integration of computer-aided translation tools in translator-training programs in Saudi universities: Toward a more visible state. Arab World English Journal for Translation & Literary Studies, 5(1), 163-182 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol5no1.23

Castilho, S., Moorkens, J., Gaspari, F., Calixto, I., Tinsley, J., & Way, A. (2017). Is neural machine translation the new state of the art? The Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics, 108, 109-120. https://doi.org/10.1515/pralin-2017-0013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/pralin-2017-0013

Cooper, R. L. (1989). Language planning and social change. Cambridge University Press DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511620812

Deepdub. (2025, April 3). Deepdub launches Deepdub Live, bringing real-time emotive dubbing to global live events [Press release]. https://deepdub.ai

Doherty, S. (2016). The impact of translation technologies on the process and product of translation. International Journal of Communication, 10, 947-969. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/3499

Fatani, A. H. (2009). The state of the translation industry in Saudi Arabia. Translation Journal, 13(4), 1-8. https://translationjournal.net/journal/50saudi.htm

FIFA. (2018). More than half the world watched record-breaking 2018 FIFA World Cup [Press release]. https://www.fifa.com

FIFA. (2023a, March 1). How the FIFA World Cup 26 will work with 48 teams. https://2h.ae/nRiKQ

FIFA. (2023b, January 11). ‘Family from around the world’ share their experience of historic FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022. https://2h.ae/IQciL

FIFA. (2024a, December 11). Extraordinary FIFA Congress appoints hosts of 2030 and 2034 editions of FIFA World Cup. https://2h.ae/QkcgL

FIFA. (2024b, December 11). Gianni Infantino expects ‘spectacular’ FIFA World Cup 2034 in Saudi Arabia. https://2h.ae/risTh

FIFA. (2024c). FIFA Statutes (2024 ed.). https://inside.fifa.com/legal/documents

FIFA. (2024d, November 29). FIFA World Cup 2034 bid evaluation report. https://inside.fifa.com/tournament-organisation/world-cup-2034

General Authority for Statistics. (2025). Population estimates publication 2024. https://2h.ae/GzaIU

Gorter, D., Marten, H. F., & Van Mensel, L. (Eds.). (2012). Minority languages in the linguistic landscape. Palgrave Macmillan DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230360235

Hamad Bin Khalifa University. (2022). Sports translation: Sidestepping the challenges. https://www.hbku.edu.qa/en/news/CHSS-SP-STSTC

Haugen, E. (1959). Planning for a standard language in modern Norway. Anthropological Linguistics, 1(3), 8-21

Hult, F. M. (2018). Language policy and planning and linguistic landscapes. In J. W. Tollefson & M. Pérez-Milans (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of language policy and planning (pp. 333-351). Oxford University Press DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190458898.013.35

HYPE Sports Innovation. (2025, March 26). CAMB.AI: Breaking language barriers in sports with AI-powered real-time translation. https://www.hypesportsinnovation.com

International Organization for Standardization. (2024). Interpreting—Requirements and recommendations for community interpreting (ISO 13611:2024)

Kloss, H. (1969). Research possibilities on group bilingualism: A report. International Center for Research on Bilingualism

Landry, R., & Bourhis, R. Y. (1997). Linguistic landscape and ethnolinguistic vitality: An empirical study. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 16(1), 23-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X970161002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X970161002

Language Insight. (2018). An insight into the languages of the World Cup 2018. https://languageinsight.com

Müller, M. (2015). What makes an event a mega-event? Definitions and sizes. Leisure Studies, 34(6), 627-642. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2014.993333 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2014.993333

O’Brien, S. (2012). Translation as human-computer interaction. Translation Spaces, 1, 101-122. https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.1.05obr DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.1.05obr

Qatar Foundation. (2022). FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022: Accessibility and inclusivity. https://stories.qf.org.qa/world-cup/accessibility-and-inclusivity

Saudi Arabian Football Federation. (2024). Saudi Arabia FIFA World Cup 2034 bid book: Growing. Together. https://saudi2034.com.sa

Saudi Press Agency. (2024, December 5). Saudi Arabia achieves one million volunteers ahead of 2030 target. https://www.spa.gov.sa

Saudipedia. (2023). Translation movement in Saudi Arabia. https://2h.ae/qEJRN

Shohamy, E. (2015). LL research as expanding language and language policy. Linguistic Landscape, 1(1-2), 152-171 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/ll.1.1-2.09sho

Shohamy, E., & Gorter, D. (Eds.). (2009). Linguistic landscape: Expanding the scenery. Routledge DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203930960

Slator. (2020, July 20). Millions of words, hundreds of events: Inside FIFA’s language service. https://2h.ae/QJlrf

Sports Video Group. (2025, April 23). How AI is changing the game for dubbing, translation, and localization. https://2h.ae/Sabol

Spolsky, B. (2004). Language policy. Cambridge University Press

Stillman Translations. (2022, November 11). Language challenges at the Qatar FIFA World Cup. https://stillmantranslations.com

TM Broadcast. (2025, April 25). CAMB.AI, a solution for multilingual sports commentary. https://2h.ae/RLIYA

Tollefson, J. W. (1991). Planning language, planning inequality: Language policy in the community. Longman

Warner, A. (2022, December 2). 32 countries, countless languages: Linguistic considerations at the World Cup. MultiLingual. https://2h.ae/TmgYv

Published

2026-11-01

How to Cite

Translation in the Service of the Greatest Sporting Event: A Proposal for Managing Multilingualism at the 2034 FIFA World Cup. (2026). Arabic Journal for Translation Studies, 5(17), 10-31. https://doi.org/10.63939/ajts.745rep84